Essential oil of Algerian Eucalyptus citriodora: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Chemical composition, Essential oil, Eucalyptus citriodora HookAbstract
This study was carried out to assess the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Eucalyptus citriodora
essential oil growing in Algeria. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and revealed the presence of 22 compounds which accounted for 97.13 % of the oil. The main compounds was Citronellal (69.77 %) followed by Citronellol (10.63 %) and Isopulegol (4.66 %). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The free radical scavenging activity of the oil was found to be inferior (IC50 values = 0.896 mg/ml) as compared to butylatedhydreoxytoluene (BHT), (IC50 value = 0.041 mg/ml). The antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil against twelve bacteria and two yeasts was determined via both the disc diffusion method and the Disc volatilization method. Higher antimicrobial activity was observed in the liquid phase. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to vary from 0.6 to 20 µl/ml for bacteria while for yeasts it was equal to 1.25 µl/ml. The most sensitive strains were the Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and the two yeasts while the most resistant bacterium was Pseudonomas aeruginosa. This is the first report on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora growing in Algeria.
References
Lai P. K., Roy J., Antimicrobial and chemopreventive properties of herbs and spices, Cur. Med. Chem., 11 (2004) 1451-1460
Burt S., Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review, Inter. J. Food Microbiol., 94 (2004) 223-253.
Elaissi A., Hadj Salah K., Mabrouk S., Mohamed Larbi K., Chemli R., Harzallah-Skhiri F., Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of 20 Eucalyptus species essential oils, Food Chem., 129 (2011) 1427-1434.
Gilles M., Zhao J., An M., Agboola S., Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils of three Australian Eucalyptus species, Food Chem., 119 (2010) 731-737.
Topçu G., Yapar G., Türkmen Z., Gören A. C., Öksüz S., Schilling J. K., Kingston D. G. I., Ovarian antiproliferative activity directed isolation of triterpenoids from fruits of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, Phytochem. Lett., 4 (2011) 421-425.
Singh H.P., Kaur S., Negi K., Kumari S., Saini V., Batish D.R., Kohli R.K., Assessment of in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora (lemon-scented Eucalypt; Myrtaceae) and its major constituents. LWT, Food Sci. Technol., 48 (2012) 237-241.
Batish D.R., Singh H.P., Kohli R.K., Kaur S., Eucalyptus essential oil as a natural pesticide, Forest. Ecol. Manag., 256 (2008) 2166-2174.
Bakkali F., Averbeck S., Averbeck D., Idaomar M., Biological effects of essential oils - a review, Food Chem. Toxicol., 46 (2008) 446-475.
Tyagi A.K., Malik A., Antimicrobial potential and chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus oil in liquid and vapour phase against food spoilage microorganisms, Food Chem., 126 (2011) 228-235.
Cimanga K., Kambu K., Tona L., Apers S., De Bruyne T., Hermans N., Totté J., Pieters L., Vlietinck A.J., Correlation between chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo, J. Ethnopharmacol., 79 (202) 213-220.
Abd El Mageed A.A., Osman A.K., Tawfik A.Q., Mohammed H.A., Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) from Egypt, Res. J. Phytochem., 5 (2011) 115-122.
Ramezani H., Singh H.P., Batish D.R., & Kohli R.K., Antifungal activity of the volatile oil of Eucalyptus citriodora. Fitoterapia. 73 (2002a) 261-262.
Ramezani H., Singh H.P., Batish D.R., Kohli R.K., Dargan J.S., Fungicidal effect of volatile oils from Eucalyptus citriodora and its major constituent Citronellal, Arable Entomology & Pathology. 55 (2002b) 327-330.
Su Y.C., Ho C. L., Wang E. I., Chang S. T., Antifungal activities and chemical compositions of essential oils from leaves of four eucalyptus, Taiwan, J. Forest Sci. 21 (2006) 49-61.
Luqman S., Dwivedi G. R., Darokar M. P., Kalra A., Khanuja S. P. S., Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil., Int. J. Ess. Oil Technol., 2 (2008) 69-75.
Lee Y. S., Kim J., Shin S. C., Lee S. G., Park I. K., Antifungal activity of Myrtaceae essential oils and their components against three phytopathogenic fungi, Flavour Fra. J., 23 (2008) 23-28.
Dutta B. K., Karmakar S., Naglot A., Aich J. C., Begam M., Anticandidial activity of some essential oils of a mega biodiversity hotspot in India, Mycoses, 50 (2007) 121-124.
Silva J., Abebe W., Sousa S. M., Duarte V. G., Machado M. I. L., Matos F. J. A., Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus, Bioresource Technol., 89 (2003) 277-283.
Gbenou J. D., Ahounou J. F., Akakpo H. B., Laleye A., Yayi E., Gbaguidi F., Baba-Moussa L., Darboux R., Dansou P., Moudachirou M., Kotchoni S. O., Phytochemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties on Wistar rats, Mol. Biol. Rep., 40 (2013) 1127-1134.
Makhaik M., Naik S. N., Tewary D. K., Evaluation of antimosquito properties of essential oils, J. Sci. Ind. Res., 64 (2005) 129-133.
Pharmacopée Européenne 1, (2009) Maisonneuve S.A. Editions Sainte 15 Ruffine, France
Adams R. P., (2007) Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corp. Carol Stream IL.
Burits M., Bucar F., Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil, Phytother Res., 14 (2000) 323-328.
Roby M. H. H., Sarhan M. A., Selim K. A., Khalel K. I., Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), Ind. Crop. Prod., 44 (2013) 437- 445
Rota M. C., Herrera A., Martinez R. M., Sotomayor J. A., Jordàn M. J., Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils., Food Control. 19 (2008) 681-687.
Ebrahimabadi A. H., Mazoochi A., Kashi F. J., Djafari-Bidgoli Z., Batooli H., Essential oil composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the aerial parts of Salvia eremophila Boiss. from Iran, Food. Chem. Toxicol. 48 (2010) 1371-1376.
Verma R. S., Padalia R. C., Pandey V., Chauhan A., Volatile oil composition of vegetative and reproductive parts of lemon-scented gum (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.), J. Essent. Oil Res., 25 (2013) 452-457.
Batish D. R., Singh H. P., Setia N., Kaura S., Kohli R. K., Chemical Composition and Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Decaying Leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora, Z. Naturforsch. 61c ((2006) 52-56
Mittal A., Ali M., Volatile composition of the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook, IJRAP. 2 (2011) 509-511.
Kumar P., Mishra S., Malik A., Satya S., Compositional analysis and insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus (family: Myrtaceae) essential oil against housefly (Musca domestica). J. Acta Tro., 22 (2012) 212- 218.
Soares J. R., Dins T. C. P., Cunha A. P., Almeida L. M., Antioxidant activity of some extracts of Thymus zygis, Free Radical Res. 26 (1997) 469-478.
Barra A., Coroneo V., Dessi S., Cabras P., Angioni A., Chemical variability antifungal and antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil from Sardinia, Nat. Prod. Commun. 5 (2010) 329-335.
Bendaoud H., Bouajila J., Rhouma A., Savagnacd A., Romdhanea M., GC/MS analysis and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of Eucalyptus radiata, J. Sci. Food. Agr. 89 (2009) 1292-1297.
Sacchetti G., Maietti S., Muzzoli M., Scaglianti M., Manfredini S., Radice M. et al., Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods, Food Chem. 91 (2005) 621-632.
Lee K. G. & Shibamoto T., Antioxidant activities of volatile components isolated from Eucalyptus species, J. Sci. Food Agri., 81 (2001) 1573-1579.
Fadel H., Marx F., El-Sawy A., El-Ghorab A., Effect of extraction techniques on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. brevirostris leaf oils, Eur. Food. Res. Technol., 208 (1999) 212-216.
Singh H. P., Mittal S., Kaur S., Batish D. R. Kohli R. K., Characterization and antioxidant activity of essential oils from fresh and decaying leaves of Eucalyptus tereticornis, J. Agr. Food Chem., 57 (2009) 6962-6966.
Hersch-Martinez P., Leanos-Miranda B. E., Solorzano-Santos F., Antibacterial effects of commercial essential oils over locally prevalent pathogenic strains in Mexico, Fitoterapia, 7 (2005) 453-457.
Akin-Osanaiye B. C., Agbaji A. S., Dakare M. A., Antimicrobial activity of oils and extracts of Cymbopogon citrates Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, J. Med. Sci., 7 (2007) 694-697.
Nair R., Vaghasiya Y., Chanda S., Antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus citriodora Hk. oil on few clinically important bacteria, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7 (2008) 025-026.
Cox S. D., Markham J. L., Susceptibility and intrinsic tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to selected plant volatile compounds, J. Appl. Microbiol., 103 (2007) 930-936
Low D., Rawal B. D., Griffin W. J., Antibacterial action of the essential oils of some Australian Myrtaceae with special references to the activity of chromatographic fractions of oil of Eucalyptus citriodora, Planta Med., 26 (1974) 184-189.
Lahlou M., Methods to study the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Essential Oils, Phytother. Res., 18 (2004) 435-448.
Delaquis P. J., Stanich K., Girard B., Mazza G., Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill cilantro coriander and Eucalyptus essential oils, Inter. J. Food Microbiol., 74 (2002) 101-109.
Ghalem B. R., Mohamed B., Antibacterial activity of leaf essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmaco., 2 (2008) 211-215.
Vilela G. R., Almeida G. S., D’Arce M. A. B. R., Moraes M. H. D., Brito J. O., Silva M. F. G. F. et al., Activity of essential oil and its major compound 18-cineole from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. against the storage fungi Aspergillus flavus link and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, Journal of Stored Products Research 45 (2009) 108-11
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Nature & Technology Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- All publications of "Nature & Technology Journal" are available under CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International which allows sharing, copying, reproduction, distribution, communication, reuse, adaptation by all means, in all formats and under all licenses.
- Any exploitation of the work or derivative works, including for commercial purposes, is possible. The only obligation is to credit the creators of the authorship of the original works, to indicate the sources and to indicate if modifications were made to the works (obligation of attribution).
This License gives:
- Nature & Technology Journal the right to develop, promote, distribute and archive the article set cited above (including, without limitation, the right to publish the work in whole or in part in any form whatsoever) and ensure the widest dissemination.
- The author (s) reserves the right to use all or part of this article, including tables and figures of his own works, providing that the appropriate recognition is given to the publisher as the holder of the copyrights, and the right to make copies of this article for its own use, but not for sale.
