Production of an eco-mortar devoted to the restoration of architectural ornaments
Abstract
Architectural ornaments, used as decorative elements, are made of stone; but most of their components contain gypsum. It is found that the deterioration of ornaments is attributed to water penetration, biological colonization, micro and macro cracking and partial and (or) complete detachment from their supports. Many rehabilitation operations of architectural ornaments have failed to use the appropriate material for the needs of the project. The use of construction waste, particularly used brick, is currently widespread for such operations. For an efficient and sustainable use of these materials, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of the content of waste brick on the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum mortar. The main variables in this study being the waste brick content and the substrate type. The Water/Mortar ratio of all mixes was kept constant to maintain a similar level of workability. Numerous tests were performed to evaluate the physical and mechanical behavior of the gypsum mortars, including bond test, X-ray and SEM analysis. The results obtained show that the bond strengths of the mortars are greater when the substrate is made of limestone compared to the substrate made of bricks. However, an excessive percentage of brick waste in the mortar can have negative effects and reduce the bond strength. Plaster mortars made with 75% waste brick should be recommended for the rehabilitation of architectural ornaments.
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